Best DSL Service Provider

Many people who now run their own business online to understand the importance of a good supplier of Internet services. Today there are several ways to connect when a person is able, with the Internet, and certainly the fastest way to connect is to use a DSL service. Although this service runs on your phone line is up to 5 times faster than with a traditional dial-up service. But different from any other company which is a service, thethe best ADSL provider?

Here we present a look at some of the features that would have to decide which is better to use the DSL service provider for you?

The first thing to do is to implement search as you can for you, because it will help you get the best price and best service you want. However, to find the best DSL service for you, it is important that you know exactly whatbe that for him. Although it may be great for your partner, if not everything for your online activity is managed effectively it is not necessary just a waste of money but also your time well.

So before you begin your search for DSL service right for you, it is important that we sit and work exactly what you need from your DSL. So you're looking for someone just to be able to connect toInternet or are you someone who wants a phone line too. There are many companies in a way that the online promotion, so why not now and do a search using search engines like Google to see what the company and the types of services we can offer.

Also to know exactly the kind of service you are looking for and what will be used to help the search for service providers to meet your needs and your needs. This will alsoto help with purchasing a service that not only do not meet your needs, but also to avoid a waste of money.

Once you know what you can do the service for now beginning to numerous companies that manufacture these devices, you need to talk and get a price list from them. If you look at the lists, would be a good idea if there are others who have already chosen the DSL services are interested in talking, but not rely onDemonstrate that the service you offer and appear on their websites.

A good way to know what to use the best DSL provider is talking to close to you, friends, relatives and neighbors and see what services are currently in use. This makes it possible for those services that do not meet your needs, even if they offer the best deals possible remedy.

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High Speed Internet Options

In the world of high-speed Internet services, consumers have many options. Consumers have a choice of wireless, DSL, cable, satellite and fiber. In most cases, determine your position, what services are available for you. Each service has its advantages and disadvantages, but overall, the main work very well compared to one and other.

Wireless Internet service is transmitted via a mobile phone towers similar in your area, as in phone. Wireless speeds vary128 kbit / s up to 3 Mbit / s. Wireless internet service is popular with business travelers and those who need access to the Internet with a laptop on the road. Such as mobile phones, there are areas of dead will not be able to receive the service.

DSL is one of the most common ways to connect to the Internet in the United States and abroad. DSL runs through phone lines and is usually by telephone companies. DSL offers speeds from 128 kbps to 9 Mbps administered. DSLneed a phone line must be present on the site. This can be a disadvantage, some consumers who prefer not only a mobile phone fixed.

Cable Internet services are increasingly popular as more and more companies are offering cable services. Cable service can speed up to 30Mbps, although many manufacturers offer some form of cap use bandwidth. Normally, the maximum speed of 3 Mbit / s up to 15 Mbit / s. The disadvantage is that the cable, if many people use the Internet in your areawhile the speed can be greatly reduced. Although it requires no cable telephone service and can also support VoIP services.

Satellite Internet service is an alternative for those customers who are in an area, just dial-up service available. Satellite Internet plans offer speeds up to 2Mbps. Internet service providers also use satellite bandwidth caps in the form of limiting the amount of downloads per day can be done. If you exceed this limitIn most cases, up to 56 kbit / s slows.

Fiber-optic Internet service is a relatively new player in the game high-speed Internet with speeds up to 30Mbps similar to cable. The disadvantages of fiber optics is simply not available in most areas and high costs because of the costs for operating the fiber optic cable.

When choosing an Internet Service Provider or know that it is important to ensure that you get to take time and more product. AfterAll many of the vendors you need a contract for a specified period to sign. So you can learn everything and jump on the web!

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Net Meeting

Net Meeting is a device that users in different locations to communicate. A high-speed Internet connection is required to keep a line Net Meeting. Net Meeting is an excellent solution for web conferencing. It includes services such as multi-point data conferencing, text chat and file transfer and point-to-point audio and video. Many leading companies and educational institutions to use Net Meeting to save time and costs and increaseProductivity.

A plant you need Net Meeting Net Meeting software and a sound card, speakers, microphone, wireless high speed internet and software Messenger. To have a private interview, Net Meeting is used in combination with the software Messenger. Net Meeting has already been used in conjunction with the ILS server. But the ILS server is very slow and open to all. The program ICQ messenger is now in use in the vernacular. The Messenger ICQ allows the use ofan address book.

Videoconference with net working works best with high-speed connection such as DSL or cable. It 'necessary to confirm that the lighting is adequate and that there are no distractions or background noise. Neutral backgrounds are best for a better quality video.

Net Meeting provides low-cost video conferencing over the Internet with reasonable video / audio quality. Traditional audio and video conferences are the lowest possibleNetwork bandwidth, such as a modem. The request and the clip-board-sharing, users can run Net Meeting conference on the application itself, while the exchange of data. "Blackboard-chat" that allows participants of the conference to see and manipulate the design, drawings and text in real time. Net Meeting software can be downloaded for free. NET Meeting uses off-the-shelf video capture card and a digital camera. Suitable for remote support or help, Net Meeting is a simple,a tool for non-technical people to use.

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Broadband battle

Coax, DSL, fiber, kbps, Mbps ... There are tons of terms and numbers thrown on you if you're shopping for the Internet service to broadband. The question is presented as a rule, if you want the Internet from your cable company or phone company. Comcast and Verizon are the two major providers of broadband Internet services in the country, and they want your business badly. This applies to all these concepts and numbers, you should really just a coin to decide?Let's look at the most important factors to consider when choosing the provider of broadband Internet services.

Since we are talking about high-speed Internet connection, perhaps we should start with, you guessed it, the speed! Verizon DSL Internet is important. DSL uses existing phone lines at home to provide Internet service at speeds significantly higher than dial-up. Since the signal is coming over copper wires, there is a limit to the speed that can be achieved. For manyDSL speeds are good people. As the Internet becomes more multimedia-driven, but allowing, not DSL, which cut many. A big step from there to Comcast high-speed Internet via cable. This service is done through the same coaxial cable for TV. This line has a much higher data capacity than copper telephone wire, so that the speed of at least two times faster than DSL, faster, often more than once. Faster is still the new Verizon FiOS service. FiOSshort fiber-optic service, and uses special fiber optic cable in some areas. Fiber optics allow higher speeds than traditional cable Internet, but Comcast's PowerBoost feature allows bursts of speed comparable to FiOS when downloading large files.

Our next consideration is price. Both Comcast and Verizon offer different service levels to prices ever higher. Prices vary slightly from city to city, but in most cases, it seems that the twoCompanies keep their prices as competitive as they can. Here are a few bucks difference between cable and FiOS, depending on where you live. Both services have united to offer Internet, TV and phone service (yes, Verizon offers FiOS TV service in certain areas), all on a single invoice for about $ 100 a month.

Our last topic is now a leading factor in most of availability. Comcast offers service in tons of cities around the country. If you Comcast CableTV service, has already for Comcast high-speed Internet via cable. FiOS, on the other hand, there are only a few areas at this time. Verizon is following the installation of fiber optic lines for the service needed at a time in the fourth, and currently only a small part was the national footprint. In short, there are many people who still actually get FiOS yet. Verizon expands service for all the time, but go a long way.

There's youhave. Verizon has a speed slightly higher prices comparable to Comcast, but Comcast is available in other locations. If you're upgrading from DSL, FiOS is probably a good choice if available in your area. If you are already a Comcast customer, I doubt that would make much difference after going through the difficulties of the notice of conversion, the difference in speed that is simply not significant.

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What is DSL and how can it Benefit My Home or Small Business?

DSL or xDSL is a group of digital technologies that allow the transmission of data over the phone. DSL originally stood for digital subscriber loop, but it is now commonly referred to as Digital Subscriber Line. The typical transmission speed of DSL services ranges from 128 kilobits per second to 24,000 kbit / s DSL technology was originally developed as part of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN started). ISDN is a series developed by snoring implementedorder for the digital transmission of voice and data over a standard copper phone line. This has led to a better speed and quality than the old analog system.

Most common forms of DSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, the fastest transmission of data over the same copper wires of a dial-up modem standard permit. This is achieved by the use of frequencies that are normally not by a voice on the phone, usedin particular, frequencies higher than those of human hearing.

The disadvantage is that ADSL is Ony effective on relatively short distances. You must be at 5 km from the telephone company central office. There, the ADSL signal is removed and then immediately routed to a conventional internet network, while a voice in traditional telephone network is connected. This will allow a single telephone line for voice and data are used.

Thefeature of ADSL is that more data on other speeds of more than one way. This is often marketed to small businesses or home users who are more interested in Internet access at an affordable price. Allows a download speed faster, thus reducing the user time to view websites and download files. This is not recommended if you are the need to load large amounts of information or servers that require large amounts ofBandwidth in the opposite direction.

Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) is a variant of DSL that allowed the user to the same speed of data transfer in both directions. This technology is the transmission speed 72-2320 kbit / s. The main disadvantage is that you even closer to Telecom central office. A maximum distance of 3 km and all, what is supported. It is also much more expensive.

Typical DSL technologies are:

HighData Rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL), the first DSL technology that the spectrum used to transmit data more frequesncy

Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL), a standardized version of HDSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), a version of DSL with an upload speed

Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL), a variant of ADSL, the upstream speed is obtained the compound in an attempt to a specific downstreamSpeed.

Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL), an improvement compared to the rapid growth of HDSL transmission rate of offers. He used up to 4 different frequency bands, two for the upstream (client to Telekom) and two for the valley.

Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line 2 (VDSL2), an improved version of VDSL-Symmetric High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line (G. SHDSL), a replacement standard for WiMAX SDSL by the International TelecommunicationUnion

Telecommunication Standardization Sector Powerline Digital Subscriber Line (PDSL), high-speed powerline communications solution that provides high-speed data over existing electrical infrastructure for the distribution of modulation

DSL Service offers small business customers access to high speed Internet for a very reasonable price. Many people do not realize that DSL speeds of 1.5 Mbps, the same T1 speed of 1.5 Mbit / s at peak. DSL costs $ 35 per month on averagewhere a full T1 usually costs $ 400 or $ 500 if you are in an underground city and is located up to 1,000 dollars a month if you are in a rural setting. Why the high cost for T1 service without the extra speed? A T1 gives reliable service and is not compatible with other subscribers or oversubscribed, as DSL is shared. Why not a common service that brings a high price.

DSL service offers a slightly 'less reliable at a fraction of the cost. If you already have DSL Service youHave noticed that it's fast at some times and slower at other times. This is because it is sold out. Oversubscription means that many people draw the same resources. What does this mean for you? Slow speeds occasionally in peak hours.

The largest, most users of small businesses' concern is price, which is why DSL Service is so popular among them. Some slow periods are a small price to pay for a reduction of 90%.

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7 tips to download music safely

Do you sometimes feel overwhelmed and frustrated when trying to
Download music? Six of viruses and spyware infecting your concerns
Computer when you try to download the music?

Many online users who are new, music downloads are often
go a bit 'daunting, the Internet and start
Download the MP3 playlist. However, there are a few tips you can follow that will help
Downloading music easy and safe:

1. Update your anti-virusSoftware often

How do you download music, you should have a sufficient anti-virus
Protection installed on your computer and the network in order to avoid
any failure or virus infection.

2. Search lists of songs

The majority of sites you can search the list of songs before
Yourself with them. So before you decide
Music, download and use the site, you can browse many sites
as desired.

3. They have the right media files

How to searchOnline music is all that serves the media
Windows Media Player, Real One Player, Amplifier, etc. allow you to win
Play the songs downloaded.

4. To ensure compatibility Player

If you are new techniques for download and if you
Be downloading MP3 player, make sure that your MP3
compatible with the choice of site to download music.

5. Beware of downloading free music

Free downloads are widely available. Most of the sites for free downloadare
illegal. So if you think not having to pay more
Download music. Think again. The truth is that some sites, the
you can download music for free, but eventually you will too
to pay for the music you really want to download.

6. Try to pay for the service before

How did the pay sites that you buy your music, I suggest
try before you buy. Some sites offer up to 14 days free trial
and other sites offer short clips of songs to listen to. Sureof
what you buy, watching the clip before
download.

7. Update your Internet connection

A dial-up can now be downloaded to a single
song. For best results use a broadband connection such as cable
or DSL, and it does not use more than one just 15 seconds
Download a single song. Downloading music online is a special experience when you
Follow these simple tips. There are some great music online
Keyresides in the knowledge of how to secure.

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Choosing Between Cable or DSL Internet connection for your home

Remember the old days of Internet dial-up? All those hours spent in order to establish a connection and when it finally is done with slow Web browser that rewards regular breaks, and unable to receive calls to landline phone. Those were the good old days, eh? Now we have the luxury of high-speed Internet and think about how difficult life than before. We are free to enjoy a permanent connection to the Internet, Web pages load much faster, and we must never Worry about missing a call.

You'll find that most web pages load faster than most broadband dial-up. Works better for downloading files, streaming video, or sending an e-mail large. Basically, broadband makes life much easier. If you spend more than an hour a day online, so you save time and effort is worth $ 40 to $ 50 a month for their service.

There are basically three different types of Internet connection, broadband> DSL, cable and satellite TV with cable and DSL for the most popular. Might be time for you to explore the high-speed Internet connections in your area. Here are some ways to help you between the cable and broadband should be elected.

It should go beyond the availability of each and compare them with each other. Cable Internet access is much more common because of the existing cable-TV subscriptions, many people have already. DSL, on the other side, existing usesPhone lines, so it is in many areas, especially rural areas.

You want, what kind of high-speed connection is known either. Cable is probably faster than DSL, but one thing to remember is that the actual connection speed, you will learn about the number of participants, depending on the connection at this time. Many people from all over the Internet in a defined area connected to the same time significantly slow down the speed of data transmission by a cableConnection. Available bandwidth depends on how many parts of the line, and are often shared among multiple users. The positive side of a DSL connection is that each user has a single dedicated line.

The quality of service should be taken into account for each. Connect to high-quality broadband DSL is the distance between you and the remote terminal. If there is a remote terminal in your area, you will see better service, if a terminal has beenlocated far from home. All cables arranged in use of cable television networks, but everything to ensure that their customers receive consistent service, but they need to maximize the number of local users actively using the service before you learn to be a decision .

Prices for individual services must be looked at further. Most ISPs offer competitive pricing, but you will find that DSL is sometimes a bit 'more expensive. Many companies also sell packages thatInduce you to buy a package of services instead of one.

Each company is customer service and quality play a more important factor in your decision. Before deciding to be sure it is, who has a good customer service department. He suffered some interruptions in their relationships? The best way to answer this by going online and reading customer feedback.

Finally, it has a corporate data security must be reviewed. Both cable and DSLare linked, particularly for domestic use.

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Which Phone TV Internet package is right for you?

Bundled phone, TV, and Internet service can be a bit 'confused, because we are dealing with different types of services. It will help you to know that the companies only the cable and phone bundled offer plans with all three products. A telephone company is usually fixed, VoIP, wireless or even fios phone service by offering satellite TV and DSL internet. A cable company offering cable TV most likely, digital phone and cable internet. Both DSL and cable Internet are highSpeed, or broadband, just different technology.

Understanding this, now you know there are two options for a bundled plan, but both options offer all three types of services, and the only real difference is the technology used to deliver services. The site can play an important role in deciding whether to go through a cable or telephone company for your parcel. If you're in town, or well-populated area, to live a bundle cables to be easily available. If you live in a more rural area, itYou can go with a beam from your telephone company.

If you want wireless phone service as part of the package, you must go with telephone companies because cable companies do not offer wireless services or cell phone. In case you already have cellular service providers, and are signed by a company that is not your local landline service, you may need or break your contract to deliver the package of products to those fixed in your neighborhood or just keep yourphones and go slow, however, for the cable bundle.

If you're lucky to have the possibility to add both a phone or cable company, you will have to decide just who has the best financial plan for you and what kind of technology that you prefer to provide services such as satellite TV and DSL with a phone company or cable TV and Internet via cable with a cable company. Services are not interchangeable. It is not possible in the internet cable or on cableTelephone company, and you can not get satellite TV through your cable or DSL company. Understanding these differences will simplify the process of getting the right thigh.

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History of DSL

It 'started with the phone

It was not too long ago, when the Internet was not even a fantasy. Now, it is difficult to imagine a world without high speed Internet in every home. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), is not always in that form since. Its history goes back all the way in 1800, when Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. For the first time the people of the situation, the data were transmitted over a copper cable. Soon heI know at the moment, an invention that would be powerful and influential, and what could be done, with his idea. However, he had laid the foundations for the construction of others.

Then came the Internet

Satisfied with the early Internet users were only simple single-color displays without graphics. But as technology advanced and the Internet began with full-color Web pages and images has become increasingly clear that users must be able to transmit largeAmounts of data. Together with the need for data users need for speed. It is not reasonable to simply wait for days to upload a photo.

In 1980, Joseph Lech Unfortunately, the solution for this problem. He discovered how the data is transmitted via broadband signals. To that end, he is credited as the father of broadband technologies. With the idea of broadband, came up with the idea, ADSL (Asymmetric DSL). This was significant because it allows usersDownloading data at a rate faster than they upload. This system reflects most people use the Internet to download uploaded a lot more points than ever, so the need for increased download speeds of upload speed.

ADSL connections began the transition from analog to digital connections. This technology has made its first appearance on the market in the form of ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), which is simply a network of digital phone connections, allowing the twothe transfer of voice and data around the world. This allows more data to be transmitted much faster and if it all comes down to speed is the ultimate goal of the Internet.

Then came DMT (Discrete Multitone), which was developed by John Cioffi. Contained a DMT ADSL signal into 256 frequency channels. Cioffi version of this technology has been dramatically better than all its competitors, and quickly became an industry standard.

HDSL (High Bit-RateDSL) was the version of DSL, which has been used more frequently. It was developed in the early 1990s and has the same amount of bandwidth in both directions. This was mainly used for transmission of data between the phone companies and consumers, and even within a society. Although HDSL provides equal bandwidth for uploads and downloads, I did not come without its flaws, needs more telephone lines to serve this function, which is not practical for off Average consumer.

Video On Demand

This technology also paved the way for video-on-Demand (VOD), which was designed, with the promise of cable TV offers over 500 channels to compete. The idea was that the DSL technology, consumers would be able to buy and all the movies they wanted without leaving the comforts of home to watch the download. While this seemed a good idea, just do not take too much.

Instead> DSL for VOD, the consumer uses the technology for high-speed Internet connections. With Internet users is growing exponentially each year, increased the demand for this service. Soon, consumers and businesses turned to for its DSL high-speed Internet needs.

Multiple types of DSL

From its humble origins, with regular copper wires, DSL come a long way over the years. Now, one of advanced technology, and DSL wasexpanded and includes:

ADSL - DSL with higher bandwidth for downloading than for uploading. This follows the common denominator of consumer back to send more messages from the server as a transfer within the server.

RADSL (Rate-adaptive DSL) - This technology allows software to determine how fast signals can be transmitted via telephone in accordance with the consumer and hence the speed of delivery is adjusted accordingly.

V-DSL(Very-high-data-rate DSL) - this is a very high data transfer speed, works best over short distances. This type of DSL works better with a fiber optic cable.

The future of DSL

With so 'many applications for high-speed DSL Internet and the future looks promising. Consumers around the world are equipped with free high speed internet for shopping, online courses Gamming, chat, downloading music and movies and home-based businesses. Withthe ever increasing demand for Internet and services it provides, the future looks good for DSL - is here to stay.

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Frequently Asked Questions about T1 bandwidth - with real answers

Confused about the bandwidth T1? Does not need more. Here are some frequently asked questions .... with concrete answers to you straight and safe on the road to the implementation of this backbone of the business voice and data networks.

1. When T1 data rate is 1.5 Mb, so why not a cable service "equal to or better", which offers up to 6MB down/768 Kb? What are the basic differences between T1 and cable?

Basically, the connections, the companies are T1. Cable / DSL services areHome Rule.

T1 has a rule:

* Unlimited Throughput

* A guaranteed uptime per month

* N. doors locked, so that servers

* Load-2-5x as cable / DSL

* On repair faster, as the Company will repair most likely to prevail is

* A dedicated line

Cable / DSL is usually a server AUP or TOS, which prohibits, can and have high downtime. Plus, if there is Internet, which can lead to nothingboth.

Cable / DSL have higher download speeds, but in a business environment that can only be checking email / web browsing / updating database records, so there is no need to download much. You can run a server that loads a lot or you can update a Web site and may need to send files. Loading of a T1 is not helping this setting.

Raw speed is not everything to a connection. T1 service is marketed as a business class. This means it is symmetricwhich can easily run the server and comes with a service level agreement to ensure the acceptable performance standards, and the average time to repair (MTTR). These are important elements for the marketing of various services. If you're an entrepreneur, the cost of a network failure could be dramatic.

Having said that the widespread availability of very low-cost housing services and the share of tremendous price pressure on traditional business class services. So the cost of T1 lines(such as DS3 and OC3) falling steadily in recent years.

2. T1 is more than just raw bandwidth? Voice T1 is fundamentally different from the data for Internet T1 or T1 integrated voice and Internet access? If you need to articulate, you have a telecommunications provider, the type is able to provide DIDs T1 and go to service local and long distance, etc? When people "talk Integrated T1") for access to the Internet (data) and telephone service (voice, how can the provider can be usedThe data and voice-page on this site?

Simply put: T1 is a point-to-point. T1 has been developed at the beginning end of 1960 to carry digitized with 24 phone calls between telephone exchanges. Prior to T1, as a simple tube, between you and the service provider. The service can telephone company providing service voice over T1 line, or an ISP providing Internet access. For the T1 line, how to use the bits that do not matter, and bits bits. If you want, you must cause strains, DIDremote end of the T1 connection with a service provider is capable of them.

Remember the story of T1.

It 'was designed to make digital phone calls. The total capacity is 64 kbit / s is divided into channels. This is ideal for voice, but does not make sense for data, so data unchannalized used T1. In the middle of the ability to combine data and voice communication. Thus, a T1 "integrated" was born, lines.

3. In "Integrated T1" to get the call priority. In the absence of calls,entire bandwidth for Internet access. Like the "dynamic and automatic" bandwidth allocation is done? You need to obtain special equipment on board to do this?

T1 is just a pipe. It 'simply a matter of equipment at each end of T1 are assigned dynamically, as a voice and data at high priority on a best effort on a single T1 line is the general term Integrated Access Device (IAD).

There you go. Are now required are the basis for the first armed educatedDecisions about the installation of a T1 line for your business voice / data network. For more complex applications, we highly recommend the services of a no-cost consultant for your company because of possible minefields guide.

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Faster Internet Speed Tips and Secrets

If you surf the Internet and download / upload faster than they want, but it is not going to a revelation to anyone, you must have broadband Internet access services (such as cable, DSL or a T1 connection or T3). If you telephone modem service, forget Jack, you have to lose, there will never be the speed of the Internet faster, you can not push blood from a stone!

So watch out, "Go," tier 1, which is the broadband Internet service! This is usually a "T" is the line faster and more expensive"Cable" and "DSL" have their advantages and disadvantages. I have cable Internet service, very fast and the plus is the cable connection, like a telephone line. The negatives will be more persons with the cable line at the same time to slow down the speed of the Internet. With DSL, that quickly, use a phone, but not by the number of people interested in DSL at the same time. Basically it's your call, for which service is best for yourSituation. Before leaving, factors such as amount of computer memory may affect the processor speed and disk space, the speed of the internet to a certain extent, and I want to try, especially in terms of memory and processor provide fast, as you can achieve.

Even if you have broadband, it may not yet satisfied with your Internet speed, because: 1 cache is too large, 2 You have adware / spyware / virus on your computer, 3 The modem has restarted, and 4 youhave an accelerator speed Internet. I go on what any of these actions:

In cases where the cache is too large, which can slow down the speed, and I recommend software that controls the cache of your Internet browser eliminates the case of Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, etc. The software I recommend is (Webroot) Window Washer. I want to use this software every day, but no browser window open when you do too. This empty the cache.

Adware / spyware and virusesIn any case, you can slow the speed of the Internet. I'd be a decent program anti-spyware/adware to obtain this material from your computer and run every few days. I want a good anti-virus and scan for viruses and have at least weekly. Note, if the will of porn sites and some of the MP3 download sites, the computer is likely to pick up spyware / adware, the question arises whether it is worth, because it is likely that your Internet speed be affected. I would recommend (Webroot) SpywarePhysician and / or receiving (PC Tools) Registry Mechanic rid of this stuff and also NOD 32 for your anti-virus software, why not slow down the speed of your Internet and computer as other anti-virus. I would try to avoid most Internet security software, as they tend to slow down the speed of the Internet as well.

From time to time, losing your Internet operator for some reason a connection to the modem, and if you slow down for some reason the speed of the Internet to resume the race. If this happens,need to reboot the modem. Unplug the power cord for about a minute and then reinsert it into the socket. Restart the modem and the speed should be the road again be.

Finally, I want internet accelerator software. This software optimizes your computer settings for a faster download of the Internet, and the response. I use two programs for you and Ascentive Active Speed Uniblue SpeedUpMyPC. I run in the first SpeedUpMyPC directly to the speed of Active. I run both programsAfter I rebooted my computer or if I added, deleted or software programs.

The end result of exercise of the above steps should get your download speeds on the Internet including running consistently faster than before.

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T1 bandwidth - still a useful Business Voice-Data Platform?

With all the options now ... such as Ethernet, wireless, etc ... Bandwidth T1 (and all its variants), also a decision that sound like a network solution (or part thereof) for businesses today?

Although the T1 is a power through a technological universe from a galaxy far away. It is still widespread and customers both large and small orders. This is a very large base of private IP networks, the trip on T1 circuits. But if we just be, we should call DS-1because what we're really talking about the telephone network signaling format used and still be valid.

I believe that the telephone network is severely undervalued and understood by most network engineers. We have and will continue to build for a long time, logical networks on the back of the phone with the physical network. Major airlines have gradually built networks of large data packet in parallel with the public telephone network, but the existing networks are still dependent on network infrastructure for telephonyAccess.

The central question is what other high speed services are available and at what cost. Significantly higher service speed can even cost less than a T-1. With the advent of Pseudowire technology enables a basic package of services and still derive TDM interfaces such as T-1, T-3, etc., with all the schedule, functionality and QoS of the services of traditional carriers. The fact that many of these new services, packet-based (IP, Ethernet, MPLS), it means that you can keep your existing phoneor need other equipment, a T-1 circuit, and the transition to VoIP or a package of other applications based on the latest. Having done that, still a great bandwidth is left for access to the Internet, video, VoIP, etc.

From the Network Service Provider (NSP) would be seen love, that transport TDM traffic to their customers on their higher speed IP / MPLS backbone networks. Many of these NSP continues to be the older TDM (SONET, ATM, Frame Relay, etc.), networks, because their customerswant to change. That said, which could lead to the same benefits through the use of modern gateway products, and get the benefits of assisting customers with a simple Layer 2 network.

Note that a T1/DS1 is just a pipe. If his works B8ZS configured to 1.54 Mb in front of the head, with its 1.34 AMI - you lose the bandwidth, thanks to the design and protocol overhead. Its 24 DS0 can run either on 64 or 56 kb.

You can run any type of traffic on it, ATM. MPLS. HDLC. Frame Relay, Voice (youAdd rule to echo B8ZS can voice), VoIP ...

No matter whether it is viable depends on what you need, what kind of local network or input devices to support the site, how many ends you purchase available, the suppliers if they are local or national, reliability, enterprise applications ( eg load different media, conferences, etc.), and some other considerations ....

A T1 is still a viable option for small businesses. The Telco can be created and PRIControl / split the channels so that sufficient space for a meg of data and the use of telephone lines enough for the company.

Most suppliers of Telco waived the installation charge and give you a deal on another device to be installed, they need to bring your data and operation. At this point, the small company to a local technology has found their firewall configured to access, and are in operation if their phone is available.

Put in some "new" areas, no fibers were,that the telephone company is not billed for the sharing of T with a PRI, so it is possible with DSL (blocked unless you do not want to pay for multiple analog connections and a separate T1, run the bill over $ 1000 / month). DSL bandwidth is good for speed and offers many, but a T1 is much more reliable than DSL in most plants. DSL is also more difficult to an internal mail server is always a static IP, DNS records, blacklists constant DSL users to switch displaynauseum.

A T-1 implies a much higher cost per megabit then other means less expensive. It comes with the extra cost, although some specific advantages. A T-1 helps to ensure availability. This means that the circuit is monitored 24 / 7 for the problems, and most airlines guarantee your Internet or point to point will be functional and 99.99% of the time. That is, for example, if your company hosts its own mail server and e-mail delivery of mission-critical.

In addition, a T-1comes with "Quality of Service (QoS). In short, make sure that everything will send QOS in the same order in which they handled skillfully. This is for the companies offering Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) or undertaking a VOIP / Pri Phone attractive to use the system. It ensures that your data entry that speaks more smooth and minimizes the delay between you, and if the other party feels.

DSL is usually a cheaper solution, and usually offers a higher bandwidth for each circuit forsmaller companies. But beyond the lack of reliable SLA, DSL lines do not have the definitive troubleshooting and fault detection systems that are integrated into T1 circuits and related hardware.

In short, the demand for applications that require flexibility, T1s remain a safe bet on their own or combined in multi-circuit connection.

If your company only have access to the Internet should be, and none of the above situations applies to you, chances are it's business DSLgo to a cheaper and faster way for your company.

Always remember not to do ..... Your WAN or Internet connection should be determined by your needs, and not an opinion that technology T1 is old, or a personal preference for an alternative. Until or your company responds to some questions regarding your intended use, it makes little sense to say that among the various possibilities of this. Networking is not a "one size fits all world."

All in all,T1s but are here to use in order to stay for a while ', at least for small businesses. Users T1, is not declining in number, but the T1 lines are installed easily record and a lower percentage of market share, because the number of companies have a total whatnot, connectivity and availability of fiber / cable /.

The bottom line is that T1s certainly a viable option for some. With the equipment already in the network the most part, the costs of distribution are not very nice to non-existent. If the device is not inPlace would probably cost effective for the development of new technologies such as Ethernet or FTTP (Fiber to the premise).

Again, T1 Bandwidth is here to stay. Why? Since the T1 always some form of business model.

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For the lightning speed you need is Internet Comcast

Even 10 years ago the Internet was a novelty, a rarity and a luxury that most Americans know, but do not participate in. Now, 75 percent of Americans have Internet access from home, and many of them are with Comcast Internet.

When there are so many ways that you can find what kind of Internet service is right for you? It 'simple: choose the faster, more reliable and less expensive. Comcast and the Internet.

Until a few years, the standard for Internet accessDial-up has been. Today this method, in conjunction with the Internet is no longer favored, since many Internet customers through a high-speed access, either cable or DSL. Most businesses and offices with Internet access use a kind of broadband. Comcast and internet is at the top.

Comcast cable Internet offers broadband service that is faster than most DSL services - about 6 Mbps ( "6 Megs"), the download speed - so fast that hardly covered anything happens. (MostDSL service only be as high as 1.5 Mbps). If Comcast Internet says: "High-speed Internet," which seriously!

Comcast Internet access, which have quickly speed you need to watch your videos, songs for download, online computer games has to offer and enjoy the rest of the Internet.

But look what else Comcast High-Speed Internet

you can get: When will Comcast Internet customer, you can access features such as video mail, PhotoShow, and aVariety of music, entertainment, sports and financial news at Comcast.net. The home page of Internet Comcast is part of a broader community of Internet users mates Comcast.

Another advantage of Comcast high speed cable Internet is that you have customer service available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, have. If there is a problem with the Internet via cable, there is always someone ready to address you. This is particularly true for companies that largely(or sometimes all) of their activities on the Internet, allowing reliable high-speed Internet a necessity.

You can also use Comcast Internet in collaboration with other services of Comcast, as Comcast Digital Cable. Customers often start a price, if for a "package" of services - cable Internet and cable TV, for example. Comcast Digital Cable TV has a digital video recorder (DVR) that allows you to record your favorite programs in digital and can seeLater, at your leisure. With high-speed Internet and digital cable with DVR, all your messages and entertainment needs are taken care of Comcast.

Comcast Internet is one of many ISPs, yes. But none is so often used, or praised, as Comcast is known for its high-speed Internet service to broadband. If you use the Internet, you want to work quickly, efficiently and without it will cost an arm and a leg. Comcast Internet offers all this and more,making it one of the leading broadband Internet today.

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Homeschool Classroom Checklist

Now that you've decided that you're a homeschool your children, then you are in a class, or you'll need at least a reasonable facsimile. I do not want to use the guest room or emptying the garage. Many people use the kitchen or dining table as a desk for both teachers and their children. What I do is that you get a kind of portable cart, so you can store your materials in a place often used. Space is usually at a premiumHomeschool classroom, so you need something comfortable and easily transportable. When you're ready to get the material for the day, it is much easier when you have everything in one place. If the school is over you can throw everything in the cart and move them out of the kitchen.

You probably do not want the company is in the middle of class. You also need a portable blackboard or a whiteboard to illustrate the lessons and to show, show difficult concepts.Personally I would not recommend a tablet. The chalk dust is too dirty for your home. A blackboard is much cleaner and easier to use. You can get a foldable small boat knows any good stationary store.

First of all, remember, lunch boxes and backpacks. Unless you want to spend much time to plan trips with your children, and so it is likely that even the backpacks.

Here is a checklist, in no particular order, some of the things that canhave on your "first day" of homeschool. So that you can use most of them around the house somewhere, but do it all in one place so as not to interrupt classes to visit.

A basket, quite cheap, and you can always hide their mistakes:)

Separate work tables for you and your children. This is ideal, but you can spend your kitchen table.

A CAB file - you need to keep records, files of lesson plans, documents of proof, your curriculum vitae, certificatesand medical records. You also need a library.

A computer with Internet access DSL or a dial-up if DSL is available in your area.

Take a wall calendar, your monthly activities, events, holidays and group activities with your association agreements and other parents homeschool Homeschool .. Schedule

Pens, pencils and rubbers.

Children in classes 4 to 8 Composition and spiral notebooks and notebook or three ring binder must. Get somePocket folders.

Elmer glue, chalk and pastels.

The organizers, such as small containers for pens, rubber bands, paper clips, and for the separation and everything to keep things handy and in order.

Get a box of milk for each of your homeschoolers to have their own space to store your tasks.

Two markers, a light and dark

Cards and a ruler 12 inches.

A good handheld pencil sharpener with two holes of different sizes. They arefor the entire period.

Wide loose leaf paper to write the educational materials and compositions.

You should take your own homeschool stationary. Choose a name for your school, such as "Smithfield School," Home School Preparatory School, or use your own name or the name of the street with "Academy" or "pre-school" attached to the end. Use your imagination and can help children.

Once you have your school's name, you can create stationery Homeschool make your wordProcessor. Save it to your hard drive, so to be used on all correspondence. Put on letterhead and identification cards for your children. Do a good job in preparing these elements and an image for a photo identification .. You want the best looking, so get help from family and friends when you need it. Buy a pair of lamination and laminate your ID card with photo and homeschoolers to give them some legitimacy. Do not forget to make one for you.You need to play cards for admission to school basketball and football, maybe even the library. Many of the school-supply stores you shop, you will find a Schoool request ID for store discounts and free gifts.

Most big stores of detention have special offers for teachers, usually in August, with the end of the summer holidays.

Staple's Teacher Appreciation Day is an annual event. you can save some money. They also have a teacher awards program that will give you up to 5%off for the purchase and delivery at home. This can be a good savings and the offer is certainly a benefit to save you time.

These products are recommended, you should consider if. If you live in a log cabin, like Abe Lincoln, then maybe he did not know what to do. But Abe is OK, right?

Lincoln was one of the original complaint.

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Why do companies prefer to T1 and DS3 connections to broadband?

If a company needs a bandwidth for the connection of their voice and data applications on networks that have almost always choose a T1 connection or T3. What is a T1 and a DS3 connection? Why is it better than DSL and cable for commercial use?

T1 (1.544 Mbps) and DS3 (45 Mbps), the connections are in business class traditional leased digital telephone lines. The technology is already pre-cable and DSL. The main advantage is the service: if one is not to bend the telephone companyback to resolve the problem as soon as possible. Companies rely on for their income on these lines and downed line can cost thousands of dollars per hour. You also have time-tested surveillance and diagnostic capabilities to keep them so they are more reliable.

A T1 is divided into 24 channels. Each channel can be used for a telephone line or 64 Kbps Internet. A business in Grade 8 telephone lines and 1024 kbit / s Internet (16 x 64 kbit / s) have a T1 for an average of between $ 300 - $ 500This is less expensive than paying for telephone lines 8 + Cable / DSL Internet makes it better for them.

A break in 672-channel DS3 and will cost several thousand dollars a month. However, T3 (or DS3) prices have steadily declined in recent years and can be found in rule for between $ 3-4000 in many areas. but that still makes the cost of impractical for small businesses, in many cases.

Often a corporate capacity and the cost is optimized by a plantFractional T1 or DS3 rather thsn full. The big advantage is .... cost reduction and scalability for the periods in which the Surge capacity is required, or business growth strategy is designed and built.

They are also others who are not a direct connection to the Internet, are in contact from customer to customer. So, for example, you have a line between two private companies without risk to Internet security. Many people, of course, simply connect to an ISP (which you can thenhave an extra cost) to be paid at the beginning, what you pay Ma Bell for the T1 line.

Are symmetrical, unlike the majority of DSL cable, you get the same speed in both directions. Also important for businesses, in particular the exchange of data between departments.

As DSL, and (in contrast to the cable lines) are shared, are dedicated to a customer. Cable service is for companies are often not available, so that another difference.

Not surprisingly, both canexpensive for a small company that DS3 so absurd. Costs depend mainly on the distance. This also works on it, two simple parts, the local network (the cost of fees for local historians signal the end of headquarters-user market, otherwise known as CO, at present, otherwise known as POPs, the carrier) and the port (the cost of accessing the telephone network or the Internet), through the network of the carrier. Typically, production of port access speed and price per yearCommitment will determine when the cycle is based on geography. The higher the CO and POP, plus the cost of the cycle.

Unless you run a business that can not afford to go for a half day, you are better off with cable or DSL. Otherwise .... the reliability, scalability, performance and capacity that would be better to evaluate the options using a T1 or DS3 bandwidth.

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The FCC auction of 700MHz spectrum

On January 24 the race for what was described by the FCC and others like "beach property": the 700 MHz band of the electromagnetic spectrum. This ultra high frequencies are what is now known as 52-69 channels on your TV and select the order of the FCC, is available on 19 February 2009, one of the networks broadcasting from analog TV to switch to digital TV. The auction has 266 candidates considered likely to dump up to 15Billions of dollars in U.S. Treasury.

The hype in advance of the auction is based coalitions strange bedfellows, as opposed to free-market advocates open source software, and has led the debate in the field of wireless net neutrality. Some say that the potential auction, the face of telecommunications in the United States to redesign as a stream of participants, including Google, Qualcomm, Cox Communications, EchoStar, has the Public Broadcasting Service, and co-founder of Microsoft PaulAllen, challenge phone giant AT & T and Verizon head of a band of this spectrum to the sea. So what's all the fuss, and why so much interest in this piece of real estate radio?

The 700MHz spectrum band has a unique set of qualities and skills that was not available, the market for good, as television took to the airwaves. Able to penetrate deep into buildings and travel 4 times faster than the peer-frequencies, the FCC, as well as many commercial interests,They build a unique opportunity for a national network for broadband wireless metropolitan regions and rural areas across the country, transforming the non-poor to the rich and virtually eliminate the digital divide in the United States.

The United States LAG seriously other industrialized countries on broadband penetration, largely due to its geographical vastness, and has become a priority for the FCC and Congress to take advantage of the situation, the ever-media fundWireless technology. With the opening of tenders for a wide range of interests, the possibility of introducing a third tube cable and DSL for consumers would benefit both economically and compete the wise choice. It will also be auctioned off part of the spectrum, both for emergency services (for example), internal security, reserved for a idea of the disastrous lack of communication between staff first in the terrorist attacks inspired by 9-11.

Reality Check

While weEveryone can see the benefit, which is capable of going deep into a building without missing a call is as strong as the 700 MHz band, and how it is suitable for broadband Internet access for adults and all, what belong? There are some who say that this frequency band for the long haul and distribution, but lacks sufficient bandwidth for a robust solution for wireless broadband.

Another aspect is the technology of losing bidders for the implementation. If there areexisting 3G technologies, or go directly to the next generation. We now know that Verizon is about the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE (Long Term Evolution) for next-generation network, a standard which should be ready for use in 2010. Ready to use in 2010, the 3GPP2's UMB standard.

WiMax will take some modifications to work in the 700MHz band, but with Sprint Nextel have 90MHz of bandwidth of 2.5 MHz, the performance of the 700-bandhard to beat if they decide to go forward with its WiMax project.

Production and device manufacturers say, go ahead and deploy today's 3G technologies, and the next update. Both W-CDMA and CDMA EV-DO a little 'life left in the plane of the FCC would fit well.

Who are the winners and what the technology should be used only for development of standard Wi-Fi, because through the b, g, s and now see the revisions as technology improves, as the tailwags the dog.

In the event that did not work, the White Spaces Coalition are already using single-mindedly on the empty "white space" spectrum between 2MHz to 698MHz band channels for broadband access with speeds topping-out ceremony 80Mbps ... But that's another story already.

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High Speed Internet Services

Commonly reported benefits of a faster connection

There are many types of high-speed Internet connection currently available DSL, cable or satellite. But how do you know if you need high speed Internet? The best way to decide this, in order to understand all the advantages of high-speed Internet. Here are some of the most commonly reported benefits of a faster connection:

Dial-up service typically does not allow end users to video and music files for quick accessnor effective. In some cases, a slow connection, can completely inhibit access for a rationalization of the video.

Web pages, upload and download data and general information twice as fast, if you have a fast connection to the Internet.

High-speed Internet, businesses can access more quickly to the web. This will improve communication, the possibility for video conferencing and better use has to offer the functions of the Internet.

High-speed Internet allows users toDownloading pictures and large files or e-mail attachments quickly and easily.

If you have a high speed connection, you can home much more effectively than if you have a dial-up working.

Many believe that a high-speed connection to save money in the long term. With a faster connection may also reduce the problems or risks associated with the common people do business on the Internet. Even average users find surfing the Web a much more educational and funExperience in using the Internet at high speed.

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Compare Cable vs. DSL

Okay, so you are finally tired of this slow dial-up Internet connection, you want to go broadband. Bargain. But first, one might ask what type of broadband connection is best-DSL or cable? Or at least, whichever gives you more speed for the price? Here we take a look at these two popular broadband connections and try to determine which is better: DSL vs. Cable.

Cable vs. DSL Speed

The most common question that comes up, isthe type of connection is faster, DSL or cable? To answer this, it is important to compare both upload and download speeds. Well, so you have something to compare these speeds, dial-up average is about 28 to 56 kbps. In most cases you will not be able to get 56k through dial-up, not to process the majority of services that speed.

The average speed of a DSL download is 1.0-1.5 Mbps Megabyte, which is the second - about 20 times faster than the fastest dial-upConnection. This is fast, but in view of the cable, which can reach up to 2 to 3 Mbit / s. Therefore, it can, at least for downloading, cables offer nearly twice as fast as DSL - which is awesome. On the upload page, but cable and DSL are fairly compensated. Both offer 100Kbps - 400kbps. It seems that cable has won this battle.

What about price and quality of service?

It is here to discuss, in addition to the speed of connections. Take advantage of the price of one.Cable and DSL connections are both going to be more expensive than dial-up. DSL seems to be the cheapest of the two at this time. You can use a good internet DSL connection for about $ 35 - $ 45 per month. Cable modem will cost about $ 45 or $ 50 (the price may be contained in a package of cable TV). These prices are very close, and change almost from month to month.

DSL is nice because you can talk on the phone and online at the sameTime. In addition, business-level DSL service provides guaranteed data rates, so that your connection speed is never a surprise. On the other hand, tends speed DSL, as far away from the data center, and not be reduced in principle, be readily available, such as cable. Speed cable does not depend on the distance from the center of data and is sometimes cheaper than DSL in cable TV included. A cable modem, but may require costly professionalInstalling and may, there are some limitations on downloads and uploads. All these factors must be considered when choosing one of these broadband services.

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How fast is my Internet connection

Where I live, it's just like a valley and a number of factors which I will explain later, that seem to communicate a little 'problem described. I have a connection to the Internet, but I'm left to wonder how fast my Internet connection.

When I moved in I was pleased to learn that the company claimed that the reasons for offering their own phone and Internet services, and call upon them and to come and install it.But this is not without cost, and I think there is a high price because it is twice as high a standard and an Internet connection to half the rate twice the price! Hmmm I do not think!

Thus, in an area where I am one of the new WiMAX (wireless broadband) I go and send an engineer who scratched his head, gets up and tells me to get there is a mountain in your path. "If this is a problem, then just Move it!" I joke that when the door. So that is another idea to kill, and Ileft, with the possibility of a mobile connection via 3G technology.

3G technology is proving a success, but there are a couple of falls, there are times where 3G is not available at this time and I am left to wonder how fast my Internet connection, when I have my super speed ?

I am a little 'burnt, my connection is less than the old dial-up connection after running the speed test, so I looked around for a way to make it go faster if I was not the beginning of myfast connections.

There are several ways to speed up your Internet connection if you have a slow connection, but the first thing I had to do, I wonder how fast my Internet connection is available.

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Best DSL Service Providers Houston

Initially, when DSL was published as a new way of transmitting information over the Internet, was known as "Digital Subscriber Loop". But today it is commonly known as "Digital Subscriber Line, which made it much more gently in the market and certainly simpler to understand for the layman, what he did. Today, many DSL providers are in Houston and in other city and state in America right now homeowners ADSL.

But when it comes to looking for the right provider for your DSL system, which should be taken into account. In this article we take a look at some of the factors that must be observed to ensure that you receive the best possible system.

Kbit If the provider of DSL services, the download speeds from 256 to 24,000 kilobits per second (/ s) of bandwidth. But what exactly is the velocity field, which, as technologically advanced systems that are left.

To perform> DSL at your home, you need the following pieces of equipment that should provide the service for you if their service. You will have a transceiver, which then connect to their services and then allows you to access the Internet. And 'the transceiver, which is often defined as a modem to access the DSL line to connect to.

Often, if you have more than one PC at home that you want to connect to a DSL connectionthen you will be provided with a router so that you will be able to connect to all PC via cable, DSL itself. So this means there is no need for more ADSL lines in service to your home and for all needs PC to access the Internet.

You can see that if many of you use the Internet at the same time and someone decides to download some may actually cause the rate to sell some of the slower tracks, what to do. But willnot slow as such, if you choose to use a dial-up service.

The main advantage of using the facilities by the DSL provider in Houston and other cities in the United States is expected that the line connects to the Web Your Own. So this means that no other person can be connected to the outside of your home, then the system will actually perform at an optimum level at all times. While a dial-up service, as more people around it are connected toDistrict where you live, then the level of service and connection to the Internet is very small.

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DSL (VDSL) typically works by dividing

Voice and data
DSL (VDSL) typically works by dividing the frequencies used in a single phone line into two primary "bands". The ISP data is carried over the high-frequency band (25 kHz and above) whereas the voice is carried over the lower-frequency band (4 kHz and below). (See the ADSL article on how the high-frequency band is subdivided.) The user typically installs a DSL filter on each phone. This filters out the high frequencies from the phone line, so that the phone only sends or receives the lower frequencies (the human voice). The DSL modem and the normal telephone equipment can be used simultaneously on the line without interference from each other.

[edit] History and science
Digital subscriber line technology was originally implemented as part of the ISDN specification, which is later reused as IDSL. Higher speed DSL connections like HDSL and SDSL have been developed to extend the range of DS1 services on copper lines. Consumer oriented ADSL is designed to operate also on a BRI ISDN line, which itself is another (not IP) form of digital signal transmission, as well as on an analog phone line.

Comparing DSL & Dial-Up
DSL, like many other forms of communication, stems directly from Claude Shannon's seminal 1948 scientific paper: A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Employees at Bellcore (now Telcordia Technologies) developed ADSL in 1988 by placing wideband digital signals above the existing baseband analog voice signal carried between telephone company central offices and customers on conventional twisted pair cabling.[1]
U.S. telephone companies promote DSL to compete with cable modems. DSL service was first provided over a dedicated "dry loop", but when the FCC required the incumbent local exchange carriers ILECs to lease their lines to competing providers such as Earthlink, shared-line DSL became common. Also known as DSL over Unbundled Network Element, this allows a single pair to carry data (via a digital subscriber line access multiplexer [DSLAM]) and analog voice (via a circuit switched telephone switch) at the same time. Inline low-pass filter/splitters keep the high frequency DSL signals out of the user's telephones. Although DSL avoids the voice frequency band, the nonlinear elements in the phone would otherwise generate audible intermodulation products and impair the operation of the data modem.
Older ADSL standards can deliver 8 Mbit/s to the customer over about 2 km (1.25 miles) of unshielded twisted-pair copper wire. The latest standard, ADSL2+, can deliver up to 24 Mbit/s, depending on the distance from the DSLAM. Distances greater than 2 km (1.25 miles) significantly reduce the bandwidth usable on the wires, thus reducing the data rate. By using an ADSL loop extender, these distances can be increased substantially.
In 2007, Dr. John Papandriopoulos, a University of Melbourne engineering researcher, patented algorithms that can potentially boost DSL line speeds to a maximum of 250 Mbit/s. [2]

[edit] Operation
The local loop of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) was initially designed to carry POTS voice communication and signaling, since the concept of data communications as we know it today did not exist. For reasons of economy, the phone system nominally passes audio between 300 and 3,400 Hz, which is regarded as the range required for human speech to be clearly intelligible. This is known as voiceband or commercial bandwidth.
At the local telephone exchange (United Kingdom) or central office (United States) the speech is generally digitized into a 64 kbit/s data stream in the form of an 8 bit signal using a sampling rate of 8,000 Hz, therefore, according to the Nyquist theorem, any signal above 4,000 Hz is not passed by the phone network (and has to be blocked by a filter to prevent aliasing effects).
The laws of physics, specifically the Shannon limit, cap the speed of data transmission. For a long time, it was believed that a conventional phone line couldn't be pushed beyond low speed limits (typically under 9600 bit/s). In the 1950s, 4 MHz television signals were often carried between studios on ordinary twisted pair telephone cable, suggesting that the Shannon Limit would allow transmitting many megabits per second. However, these cables had other impairments besides Gaussian noise, preventing such rates from becoming practical in the field. In the 1980s techniques were developed for broadband communications that allowed the limit to be greatly extended.
The local loop connecting the telephone exchange to most subscribers is capable of carrying frequencies well beyond the 3.4 kHz upper limit of POTS. Depending on the length and quality of the loop, the upper limit can be tens of megahertz. DSL takes advantage of this unused bandwidth of the local loop by creating 4312.5 Hz wide channels starting between 10 and 100 kHz, depending on how the system is configured. Allocation of channels continues at higher and higher frequencies (up to 1.1 MHz for ADSL) until new channels are deemed unusable. Each channel is evaluated for usability in much the same way an analog modem would on a POTS connection. More usable channels equates to more available bandwidth, which is why distance and line quality are a factor (the higher frequencies used by DSL travel only short distances). The pool of usable channels is then split into two different frequency bands for upstream and downstream traffic, based on a preconfigured ratio. This segregation reduces interference. Once the channel groups have been established, the individual channels are bonded into a pair of virtual circuits, one in each direction. Like analog modems, DSL transceivers constantly monitor the quality of each channel and will add or remove them from service depending on whether they are usable.
One of Lechleider's[3] contributions to DSL was his insight that an asymmetric arrangement offered more than double the bandwidth capacity of symmetric DSL. This allowed Internet Service Providers to offer efficient service to consumers, who benefitted greatly from the ability to download large amounts of data but rarely needed to upload comparable amounts. ADSL supports two modes of transport: fast channel and interleaved channel. Fast channel is preferred for streaming multimedia, where an occasional dropped bit is acceptable, but lags are less so. Interleaved channel works better for file transfers, where transmission errors are impermissible, even though resending packets may increase latency.
Because DSL operates at above the 3.4 kHz voice limit, it cannot be passed through a load coil. Load coils are, in essence, filters that block out any non-voice frequency. They are commonly set at regular intervals in lines placed only for POTS service. A DSL signal cannot pass through a properly installed and working load coil, nor can voice service be maintained past a certain distance without such coils. Some areas that are within range for DSL service are disqualified from eligibility because of load coil placement. Because of this phone companies are endeavoring to remove load coils on copper loops that can operate without them, and conditioning lines not to need them through the use of fiber to the neighborhood or node FTTN.
The commercial success of DSL and similar technologies largely reflects the advances made in electronics, that, over the past few decades, have been getting faster and cheaper even while digging trenches in the ground for new cables (copper or fiber optic) remains expensive. Several factors contributed to the popularization of DSL technology:
Until the late 1990s, the cost of digital signal processors for DSL was prohibitive. All types of DSL employ highly complex digital signal processing algorithms to overcome the inherent limitations of the existing twisted pair wires. Due to the advancements of VLSI technology, the cost of the equipment associated with a DSL deployment (a DSLAM at one end and a DSL modem at the other end) lowered significantly.
A DSL line can be deployed over existing cable. Such deployment, even including equipment, is much cheaper than installing a new, high-bandwidth fiber-optic cable over the same route and distance. This is true both for ADSL and SDSL variations.
In the case of ADSL, competition in Internet access caused subscription fees to drop significantly over the years, thus making ADSL more economical when compared to dial up access. Telephone companies were pressured into moving to ADSL largely due to competition from cable companies, which use DOCSIS cable modem technology to achieve similar speeds. Demand for high bandwidth applications, such as video and file sharing, also contributed to popularize ADSL technology.
Most residential and small-office DSL implementations reserve low frequencies for POTS service, so that with suitable filters and/or splitters the existing voice service continues to operate independent of the DSL service. Thus POTS-based communications, including fax machines and analog modems, can share the wires with DSL. Only one DSL "modem" can use the subscriber line at a time. The standard way to let multiple computers share a DSL connection is to use a router that establishes a connection between the DSL modem and a local Ethernet, Powerline, or Wi-Fi network on the customer's premises.
Once upstream and downstream channels are established, they are used to connect the subscriber to a service such as an Internet service provider.

This article or section deals primarily with the United States and does not represent a worldwide view of the subject.Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page.
Dry-loop DSL or "naked DSL," which does not require the subscriber to have traditional land-line telephone service, started making a comeback in the US in 2004 when Qwest started offering it, closely followed by Speakeasy. As a result of AT&T's merger with SBC,[4] and Verizon's merger with MCI,[5] those telephone companies are required to offer naked DSL to consumers.
Even without the regulatory mandate, however, many ILECs offer naked DSL to consumers. The number of telephone landlines in the US has dropped from 188 million in 2000 to 172 million in 2005, while the number of cellular subscribers has grown to 195 million.[6]. This lack of demand for landline service has resulted in the expansion of naked DSL availability.

[edit] Typical setup and connection procedures
The first step is the physical connection. On the customer side, the DSL Transceiver, or ATU-R, or more commonly known as a DSL modem, is hooked up to a phone line. Modems actually modulate and demodulate a signal, where the DSL Transceiver is actually a radio signal transmit and receive unit. The telephone company(telco) connects the other end of the line to a DSLAM, which concentrates a large number of individual DSL connections into a single box. The location of the DSLAM depends on the telco, but it cannot be located too far from the user because of attenuation, the loss of data due to the large amount of electrical resistance encountered as the data moves between the DSLAM and the user's DSL modem. It is common for a few residential blocks to be connected to one DSLAM. When the DSL modem is powered up, it goes through a sync procedure. The actual process varies from modem to modem but can be generally described as:
The DSL Transceiver does a self-test.
The DSL Transceiver checks the connection between the DSL Transceiver and the computer. For residential variations of DSL, this is usually the Ethernet (RJ-45) port or a USB port; in rare models, a FireWire port is used. Older DSL modems sported a native ATM interface (usually, a 25 Mbit serial interface). Also, some variations of DSL (such as SDSL) use synchronous serial connections.
The DSL Transceiver then attempts to synchronize with the DSLAM. Data can only come into the computer when the DSLAM and the modem are synchronized. The synchronization process is relatively quick (in the range of seconds) but is very complex, involving extensive tests that allow both sides of the connection to optimize the performance according to the characteristics of the line in use. External, or stand-alone modem units have an indicator labeled "CD", "DSL", or "LINK", which can be used to tell if the modem is synchronized. During synchronization the light flashes; when synchronized, the light stays lit, usually with a green color.
Modern DSL gateways have more functionality and usually go through an initialization procedure that is very similar to a PC starting up. The system image is loaded from the flash memory; the system boots, synchronizes the DSL connection and establishes the IP connection between the local network and the service provider, using protocols such as DHCP or PPPoE. The system image can usually be updated to correct bugs, or to add new functionality.

[edit] Equipment
The customer end of the connection consists of a Terminal Adaptor or in layman's terms "DSL modem." This converts data from the digital signals used by computers into a voltage signal of a suitable frequency range which is then applied to the phone line.
In some DSL variations (for example, HDSL), the terminal adapter is directly connected to the computer via a serial interface, using protocols such as RS-232 or V.35. In other cases (particularly ADSL), it is common for the customer equipment to be integrated with higher level functionality, such as routing, firewalling, or other application-specific hardware and software. In this case, the entire equipment is usually referred to as a DSL router or DSL gateway.
Some kinds of DSL technology require installation of appropriate filters to separate, or "split", the DSL signal from the low frequency voice signal. The separation can be done either at the demarcation point, or can be done with filters installed at the telephone outlets inside the customer premises. Either way has its practical and economical limitations. See ADSL for more information about this.
At the exchange, a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) terminates the DSL circuits and aggregates them, where they are handed off onto other networking transports. In the case of ADSL, the voice component is also separated at this step, either by a filter integrated in the DSLAM or by a specialized filtering equipment installed before it. The DSLAM terminates all connections and recovers the original digital information.

[edit] Protocols and configurations
Many DSL technologies implement an ATM layer over the low-level bitstream layer to enable the adaptation of a number of different technologies over the same link.
DSL implementations may create bridged or routed networks. In a bridged configuration, the group of subscriber computers effectively connect into a single subnet. The earliest implementations used DHCP to provide network details such as the IP address to the subscriber equipment, with authentication via MAC address or an assigned host name. Later implementations often use PPP over Ethernet or ATM (PPPoE or PPPoA), while authenticating with a userid and password and using PPP mechanisms to provide network details.
DSL also has contention ratios which need to be taken into consideration when deciding between broadband technologies.

[edit] DSL technologies
The line length limitations from telephone exchange to subscriber are more restrictive for higher data transmission rates. Technologies such as VDSL provide very high speed, short-range links as a method of delivering "triple play" services (typically implemented in fiber to the curb network architectures). Technologies likes GDSL can further increase the data rate of DSL.
Example DSL technologies (sometimes called xDSL) include:
ISDN Digital Subscriber Line (IDSL), uses ISDN based technology to provide data flow that is slightly higher than dual channel ISDN.
High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL / HDSL2), was the first DSL technology that uses a higher frequency spectrum of copper, twisted pair cables.
Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL / SHDSL), the volume of data flow is equal in both directions.
Symmetric High-speed Digital Subscriber Line (G.SHDSL), a standardised replacement for early proprietary SDSL.
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), the volume of data flow is greater in one direction than the other.
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 2 (ADSL2), an improved version of ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 2 Plus (ADSL2+), A version of ADSL2 that doubles the data rates by using twice the spectrum.
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Plus Plus (ADSL++), technology developed by Centillium Communications for Japan market that extends downstream rates to 50 Mbit/s by using spectrum up to 3.75 MHz.
Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL)
Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL)
Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line 2 (VDSL2), an improved version of VDSL
Etherloop Ethernet Local Loop
Uni Digital Subscriber Line (UDSL), technology developed by Texas Instruments, backwards compatible with all DMT standards
Gigabit Digital Subscriber Line (GDSL), based on binder MIMO technologies[7].

[edit] Transmission methods
Transmission methods vary by market, region, carrier, and equipment.
2B1Q: Two-binary, one-quaternary, used for IDSL and HDSL
CAP: Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation - deprecated in 1996 for ADSL, used for HDSL
DMT: Discrete multitone modulation, the most numerous kind, also known as OFDM (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing)

[edit] See also
Broadband Internet access
Broadband Internet access worldwide
Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM)
Electronic filter
Dying gasp
List of device bandwidths

[edit] References
^ ece.wpi.edu
^ unimelb.edu.au
^ Joseph W. Lechleider (August 1991) (fee required). "High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Lines: A Review of HDSL Progress" (fee required). IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 9 (6): 769–784. doi:10.1109/49.93088. ISSN 0733-8716. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel1/49/3051/00093088.pdf?tp=&isnumber=3051&arnumber=93088.
^ SBC ATT Merger
^ Verizon MCI merger
^ Earthweb
^ B. Lee, J. Cioffi, et al. (September 2007). "Gigabit DSL". IEEE Transactions on Communication. 55 (9): 1689–1692.
Burstein, Dave (2002). DSL. John Wiley and Sons, New York. ISBN 0-471-08390-9. pp 53-86
B. Lee, J.Cioffi, et al, Gigabit DSL, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Sep, 2007, pp 1689-1692

[edit] External links
Guide to Broadband & ADSL (www.clark-tele.com)
HowStuffWorks.com - DSL
The UNH-IOL DSL Knowledgebase (advanced tutorials)
DSL HOWTO for Linux and UbuDSL.
Scholarpedia - DSL
Type of DSL
DSL ISP

DSL or xDSL

DSL or xDSL, is a family of technologies that provides digital data transmission over the wires of a local telephone network. DSL originally stood for digital subscriber loop, although in recent years, the term digital subscriber line has been widely adopted as a more marketing-friendly term for ADSL, which is the most popular version of consumer-ready DSL. DSL can be used at the same time and on the same telephone line with regular telephone, as it uses high frequency, while regular telephone uses low frequency.